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Which term describes inherited wealth passed across generations contributing to persistent inequality?
  1. A-Income smoothing
  2. B-Intergenerational wealth transfer
  3. C-Merit-based reward
  4. D-Temporary aid
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Which is a common critique of the Davis–Moore thesis?
  1. A-It denies any function to education
  2. B-It ignores social order
  3. C-It overemphasizes conflict
  4. D-It justifies inequality and overlooks power and exploitation
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Which is an example of vertical social mobility?
  1. A-Children matching parents' occupation
  2. B-A factory worker becoming a manager
  3. C-Two people exchanging jobs of equal status
  4. D-Change in job within same rank
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Which theory links colonial history to persistent underdevelopment and global inequality?
  1. A-Dependency theory
  2. B-Functionalism
  3. C-Modernization theory
  4. D-Behavioralism
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Which concept refers to the bureaucratic process that sorts people into jobs based on credentials?
  1. A-Meritocracy
  2. B-Patronage
  3. C-Job inheritance
  4. D-Credentialism
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What is 'feminization of poverty'?
  1. A-Disproportionate representation of women among the poor
  2. B-Equal poverty rates
  3. C-Decline in female-headed households
  4. D-Increase in men's poverty
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Which concept describes barriers preventing certain groups from full participation in society (e.g., stigma, exclusion)?
  1. A-Assimilation
  2. B-Social mobility
  3. C-Urbanization
  4. D-Social exclusion
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Which policy model classifies welfare states as liberal, corporatist-statist, and social democratic?
  1. A-UN classification
  2. B-IMF typology
  3. C-Esping-Andersen welfare regime typology
  4. D-World Bank model
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Which measurement compares income share of top x% vs bottom y% to indicate inequality?
  1. A-Life expectancy ratio
  2. B-HDI ratio
  3. C-Poverty gap
  4. D-Decile/percentile ratios (e.g., top 10% share)
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  6. Sociology / Social Stratification
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Which term denotes a person belonging to both high income and low social prestige?
  1. A-Class concordance
  2. B-Role strain
  3. C-Status inconsistency
  4. D-Cultural lag
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Which approach emphasizes power, exploitation and inequality as central to stratification?
  1. A-Conflict theory
  2. B-Symbolic interactionism
  3. C-Interpretivism
  4. D-Functionalism
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Which term describes mobility caused by changes in the occupational structure of the economy?
  1. A-Intergenerational mobility
  2. B-Exchange mobility
  3. C-Intragenerational mobility
  4. D-Structural mobility
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Which sociologist coined 'habitus' to explain dispositions shaped by social conditions?
  1. A-Erving Goffman
  2. B-Anthony Giddens
  3. C-Pierre Bourdieu
  4. D-Talcott Parsons
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Which index measures multidimensional aspects of poverty beyond income (like education, health)?
  1. A-Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
  2. B-Human Poverty Index
  3. C-Consumer Price Index
  4. D-Gini coefficient
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Which concept refers to the prestige attached to an occupation or position in society?
  1. A-Gini score
  2. B-Income level
  3. C-Status/occupational prestige
  4. D-Educational attainment
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Which theorist linked division of labour to social solidarity in modern societies?
  1. A-Karl Marx
  2. B-Herbert Spencer
  3. C-Max Weber
  4. D-Emile Durkheim
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Which term refers to a decline in economic position relative to one's parents?
  1. A-Intergenerational downward mobility
  2. B-Structural mobility
  3. C-Status consistency
  4. D-Intragenerational upward mobility
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Which policy tool is often used to reduce historical inequalities by reserving positions for disadvantaged groups?
  1. A-Affirmative action / reservation
  2. B-Deregulation
  3. C-Austerity
  4. D-Privatization
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Which concept denotes informal networks and relationships that provide resources and support?
  1. A-Social capital
  2. B-Cultural capital
  3. C-Economic capital
  4. D-Human capital
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In Marxist theory, who are the owners of the means of production?
  1. A-Proletariat
  2. B-Bourgeoisie
  3. C-Lumpenproletariat
  4. D-Petty bourgeoisie
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Which of the following best describes 'intersectionality'?
  1. A-Single-axis analysis
  2. B-Economic theory only
  3. C-Demographic method
  4. D-Interlocking systems of oppression (e.g., race, class, gender)
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Which framework analyses global inequality between wealthy and poor nations as core-periphery relations?
  1. A-Dependency theory
  2. B-World-systems theory
  3. C-Neoliberalism
  4. D-Modernization theory
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Which term describes a society where social mobility is relatively easy and status is based on achievement?
  1. A-Feudal system
  2. B-Open class system
  3. C-Closed caste system
  4. D-Slave society
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  6. Sociology / Social Stratification
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Which measure refers to absolute lack of basic necessities like food, shelter, and clean water?
  1. A-Absolute poverty
  2. B-Chronic poverty
  3. C-Relative poverty
  4. D-Subjective poverty
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What does 'meritocracy' ideally imply in social stratification?
  1. A-Positions allocated based on ability and effort
  2. B-Assignment by caste
  3. C-Random allocation
  4. D-Inheritance of status
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Which concept coined by Pierre Bourdieu refers to non-financial social assets like education, style, and credentials?
  1. A-Cultural capital
  2. B-Social capital
  3. C-Economic capital
  4. D-Political capital
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Which indicator combines life expectancy, education and per capita income to measure development?
  1. A-GDP growth rate
  2. B-Human Development Index (HDI)
  3. C-Poverty headcount ratio
  4. D-Gini coefficient
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Which concept describes the process by which elites maintain privileges by restricting access to resources?
  1. A-Cultural capital
  2. B-Social capital
  3. C-Vertical mobility
  4. D-Social closure
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Which term refers to a rigid, hereditary system of social stratification found in traditional societies?
  1. A-Caste system
  2. B-Class system
  3. C-Open stratification
  4. D-Meritocracy
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Which sociologist introduced the idea of 'life chances' to describe opportunities individuals have to improve their quality of life?
  1. A-Emile Durkheim
  2. B-Max Weber
  3. C-Herbert Spencer
  4. D-Karl Marx
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Which concept refers to unequal access to resources and opportunities based on social categories like class, race, and gender?
  1. A-Socialization
  2. B-Social inequality
  3. C-Social mobility
  4. D-Meritocracy
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Which theory argues that social stratification has beneficial consequences for society by ensuring role allocation?
  1. A-Feminist theory
  2. B-Conflict theory
  3. C-Symbolic interactionism
  4. D-Davis–Moore thesis (functionalism)
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What does the Gini coefficient measure?
  1. A-Income or wealth inequality within a population
  2. B-Human Development Index
  3. C-Poverty rate
  4. D-Unemployment rate
  5. MCQ By: MCQSEXAM
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Which term describes movement between social strata that occurs within a person's lifetime?
  1. A-Structural mobility
  2. B-Intergenerational mobility
  3. C-Intragenerational mobility
  4. D-Exchange mobility
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According to Max Weber, social stratification includes which three distinct dimensions?
  1. A-Wealth, income, and prestige
  2. B-Occupation, age, and race
  3. C-Class, status, and party
  4. D-Caste, class, and gender
  5. MCQ By: MCQSEXAM
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Which sociologist argued that class conflict drives historical change and capitalism contains internal contradictions?
  1. A-Karl Marx
  2. B-Max Weber
  3. C-Emile Durkheim
  4. D-Talcott Parsons
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What is the main purpose of economic research?
  1. A-Understand economic phenomena
  2. B-Ignore reality
  3. C-Support only theories
  4. D-Create confusion
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Which of the following is an economic development indicator?
  1. A-HDI
  2. B-GDP only
  3. C-Inflation rate
  4. D-Interest rate
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What is the main challenge of economic globalization?
  1. A-Increased equality
  2. B-Increased inequality
  3. C-No change
  4. D-Uniform development
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Which of the following is a global economic trend?
  1. A-Digitalization
  2. B-De-globalization
  3. C-Isolation
  4. D-Protectionism
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What is the main objective of poverty alleviation programs?
  1. A-Increase poverty
  2. B-Reduce poverty
  3. C-Ignore poor
  4. D-Help only rich
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Which of the following is a characteristic of sustainable economics?
  1. A-Short-term focus
  2. B-Long-term environmental and economic balance
  3. C-Resource depletion
  4. D-Pollution intensive
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What is the main purpose of international economic organizations?
  1. A-Promote economic cooperation
  2. B-Create trade wars
  3. C-Increase inequality
  4. D-Reduce cooperation
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Which of the following is an economic growth theory?
  1. A-Endogenous growth
  2. B-External growth
  3. C-No growth
  4. D-Static growth
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What is the main challenge of resource allocation?
  1. A-Abundance of resources
  2. B-Scarcity and choice
  3. C-No needs
  4. D-Unlimited wants
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Which of the following is a measure of economic freedom?
  1. A-Economic freedom index
  2. B-GDP growth
  3. C-Inflation rate
  4. D-Unemployment rate
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What is the main goal of economic planning?
  1. A-Random development
  2. B-Achieve economic objectives
  3. C-No goals
  4. D-Create chaos
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Which of the following is a global economic institution?
  1. A-World Trade Organization
  2. B-Local Chamber of Commerce
  3. C-National Bank
  4. D-Small Business Administration
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What is the main purpose of economic indicators?
  1. A-Predict weather
  2. B-Measure economic performance
  3. C-Count population
  4. D-Set prices
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Which of the following is an economic development strategy?
  1. A-Import substitution
  2. B-Export promotion
  3. C-Balance of payments
  4. D-All of the above
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What is the main challenge of international debt?
  1. A-Debt sustainability
  2. B-Too much savings
  3. C-Low borrowing
  4. D-No lenders
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Which of the following is a characteristic of inclusive growth?
  1. A-Benefits only rich
  2. B-Fair distribution of benefits
  3. C-No growth
  4. D-High inequality
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What is the main objective of economic reforms?
  1. A-Maintain status quo
  2. B-Improve economic efficiency
  3. C-Increase bureaucracy
  4. D-Reduce competition
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Which of the following is a global economic issue?
  1. A-Climate change
  2. B-Local market issues
  3. C-Individual consumption
  4. D-Small business problems
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What is the main purpose of development economics?
  1. A-Study developed countries
  2. B-Improve developing economies
  3. C-Ignore poverty
  4. D-Promote inequality
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Which of the following is an economic system?
  1. A-Capitalism
  2. B-Socialism
  3. C-Mixed economy
  4. D-All of the above
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What is the main challenge of technological unemployment?
  1. A-Skill obsolescence
  2. B-Too many jobs
  3. C-Low technology
  4. D-High wages
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Which of the following is a characteristic of knowledge economy?
  1. A-Resource intensive
  2. B-Knowledge and information based
  3. C-Labor intensive
  4. D-Capital intensive
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What is the main objective of industrial policy?
  1. A-Promote agricultural sector
  2. B-Promote industrial development
  3. C-Reduce all industry
  4. D-Promote only services
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Which of the following is a measure of financial development?
  1. A-GDP growth
  2. B-Financial depth indicators
  3. C-Inflation rate
  4. D-Unemployment rate
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What is the main goal of environmental economics?
  1. A-Maximize resource extraction
  2. B-Balance economic growth and environmental protection
  3. C-Ignore environmental costs
  4. D-Promote pollution
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Which of the following is a characteristic of digital economy?
  1. A-Agriculture based
  2. B-Information technology based
  3. C-Manual labor based
  4. D-Traditional manufacturing
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What is the main purpose of foreign exchange reserves?
  1. A-Fund domestic projects
  2. B-Stabilize currency and manage payments
  3. C-Speculate in markets
  4. D-Pay government salaries
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Which of the following is an economic integration form?
  1. A-Free trade area
  2. B-Customs union
  3. C-Common market
  4. D-All of the above
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What is the main challenge of demographic transition?
  1. A-Young populations
  2. B-Aging populations
  3. C-Stable populations
  4. D-Rapid population growth
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Which of the following is a sustainable development goal?
  1. A-No Poverty
  2. B-Maximum Economic Growth
  3. C-Unlimited Resources
  4. D-Industrial Expansion
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What is the main objective of microfinance?
  1. A-Serve large corporations
  2. B-Provide financial services to low-income individuals
  3. C-Speculate in markets
  4. D-Control inflation
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What is the role of the World Bank?
  1. A-Provide emergency loans
  2. B-Provide development assistance
  3. C-Control global money supply
  4. D-Set trade tariffs
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Which of the following is a measure of income inequality?
  1. A-GDP per capita
  2. B-Gini coefficient
  3. C-HDI
  4. D-Inflation rate
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What is the main goal of poverty reduction programs?
  1. A-Increase government revenue
  2. B-Improve basic needs access
  3. C-Reduce international trade
  4. D-Increase urbanization
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Which of the following is a characteristic of emerging markets?
  1. A-Slow growth
  2. B-Rapid economic growth
  3. C-Stable economies
  4. D-Low risk
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What is the main purpose of foreign direct investment (FDI)?
  1. A-Short-term speculation
  2. B-Long-term investment in foreign businesses
  3. C-Currency trading
  4. D-Portfolio investment
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Which of the following is a function of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?
  1. A-Provide development loans
  2. B-Provide financial stability assistance
  3. C-Control world trade
  4. D-Set interest rates globally
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What is the main challenge of globalization?
  1. A-Increased cultural exchange
  2. B-Increased income inequality
  3. C-Improved technology transfer
  4. D-Enhanced international cooperation
  5. MCQ By: MCQSEXAM
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Which of the following is an indicator of economic development?
  1. A-GDP growth rate
  2. B-Human Development Index
  3. C-Inflation rate
  4. D-Unemployment rate
  5. MCQ By: MCQSEXAM
  6. Economics / Macroeconomics
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What is the main objective of sustainable development?
  1. A-Maximize current consumption
  2. B-Balance present and future needs
  3. C-Maximize economic growth
  4. D-Minimize environmental protection
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Which of the following is a characteristic of developed economies?
  1. A-High per capita income
  2. B-Low literacy rates
  3. C-Agricultural based economy
  4. D-Low infrastructure development
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What is the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
  1. A-Provide loans to countries
  2. B-Facilitate international trade
  3. C-Control exchange rates
  4. D-Set domestic policies
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Which of the following is a benefit of economic growth?
  1. A-Higher living standards
  2. B-Higher inflation
  3. C-Higher unemployment
  4. D-Higher taxes
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What is the main purpose of international trade?
  1. A-Increase tariffs
  2. B-Specialize and gain from trade
  3. C-Reduce competition
  4. D-Protect domestic industries
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Which of the following is a characteristic of deflation?
  1. A-Rising price levels
  2. B-Falling price levels
  3. C-Stable prices
  4. D-High inflation
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What is the relationship between GDP and standard of living?
  1. A-Perfect correlation
  2. B-GDP measures standard of living imperfectly
  3. C-No relationship
  4. D-GDP decreases with better living standards
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Which of the following is a component of the financial account in balance of payments?
  1. A-Foreign direct investment
  2. B-Trade in goods
  3. C-Trade in services
  4. D-Income receipts
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What is the main goal of economic stabilization policies?
  1. A-Maximize profits
  2. B-Reduce economic fluctuations
  3. C-Maximize government revenue
  4. D-Minimize taxes
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Which of the following is an example of frictional unemployment?
  1. A-Workers between jobs
  2. B-Skills mismatch
  3. C-Economic downturn
  4. D-Seasonal work ending
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What is the difference between fiscal and monetary policy?
  1. A-Government spending vs money supply
  2. B-Taxation vs interest rates
  3. C-Government spending and taxation vs money supply and interest rates
  4. D-Both control money supply
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Which of the following is a cause of structural unemployment?
  1. A-Economic recession
  2. B-Skills mismatch
  3. C-Seasonal factors
  4. D-Temporary layoffs
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What is the purpose of expansionary monetary policy?
  1. A-Reduce inflation
  2. B-Stimulate economic growth
  3. C-Reduce government debt
  4. D-Increase unemployment
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Which of the following is included in the calculation of national income?
  1. A-Transfer payments
  2. B-Factor payments
  3. C-Government borrowing
  4. D-Foreign aid
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  6. Economics / Macroeconomics
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What is the relationship between inflation and interest rates?
  1. A-Direct relationship
  2. B-Inverse relationship
  3. C-No relationship
  4. D-Interest rates cause inflation
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  6. Economics / Macroeconomics
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Which of the following is a tool of contractionary fiscal policy?
  1. A-Increasing government spending
  2. B-Decreasing taxes
  3. C-Increasing taxes
  4. D-Decreasing interest rates
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What is the difference between nominal and real GDP?
  1. A-Real GDP includes inflation
  2. B-Real GDP excludes inflation
  3. C-Nominal GDP is adjusted for inflation
  4. D-Real GDP uses current prices
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Which of the following is a characteristic of economic boom?
  1. A-High growth and low unemployment
  2. B-Low growth and high unemployment
  3. C-Stagnation and inflation
  4. D-Recession and deflation
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What is the main objective of inflation targeting?
  1. A-Maximize employment
  2. B-Maintain price stability
  3. C-Maximize growth
  4. D-Balance trade
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Which of the following is a component of aggregate supply?
  1. A-Total goods and services supplied
  2. B-Total consumer spending
  3. C-Total government spending
  4. D-Total investment
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What is the crowding out effect?
  1. A-Government spending increases private investment
  2. B-Government borrowing reduces private investment
  3. C-Government spending reduces consumption
  4. D-Government taxes increase investment
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Which of the following is a limitation of GDP?
  1. A-Measures economic growth
  2. B-Does not include non-market activities
  3. C-Includes government spending
  4. D-Includes investment
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What is the natural level of output?
  1. A-Maximum possible output
  2. B-Output at full employment
  3. C-Minimum output
  4. D-Output during recession
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Which of the following is included in the money supply measure M2?
  1. A-Only currency
  2. B-M1 plus savings deposits
  3. C-Only demand deposits
  4. D-Only time deposits
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  6. Economics / Macroeconomics
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What is the role of the central bank in monetary policy?
  1. A-Control government spending
  2. B-Control money supply and interest rates
  3. C-Set tax rates
  4. D-Regulate international trade
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  6. Economics / Macroeconomics
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MCQs Exam